long-termplasticityandwithapproachestolearningandmemorybasedonmodifica tionofHebbiansynapsesarenotconsidered. Relativelyabstractattemptstounder standhigherlevelandcognitiveprocessesbasedonneuralnetsrepresentasecond, majorareaofworkthatisnottreated. Modelsofcognitiveprocessesbasedon dynamicalsystemsmethodsinwhichnoattemptismadetoincludethebiophysical featuresofindividualneuronsarealsonotconsidered. vii viii Thetenmajorchaptersfallintothreegroups. Thefirstgroupdealswith compartmentalmodelsofindividualcorticalneurons. LyleBorg-Grahamprovides PREFACE anintroductiontothemethodsinvolvedinconstructingcompartmentalmodels andthenreviewstheexistingmodelsofhippocampalpyramidalcells. Becauseof theeffectivenessofhippocampalslicepreparations,theseneuronshavewell-ehar acterizedbiophysicalproperties. Thischapterillustrateshowcompartmentalmod elscanbeusedtosynthesizeexperimentaldataandprovideanintegrativeviewof thepropertiesofindividualneurons. PaulRhodescontinuesthethemebyfocusing ontheroleofvoltage-gatedchannelslocatedonthedendritesofcorticalneurons. Thisisanareainwhichtechnologicaladvancesinthevisualizationofneuronsin slicepreparationsbasedoninfraredmicroscopyhavegreatlyexpandedtheinfor mationavailableondendriticfunctioninjustafewyears. Thechapterbothreviews theexperimentaldataonactivedendriticconductancesandemphasizestheirpo tentialfunctionalroles. Thesecondgroupofchaptersdealwiththegenerationofreceptivefield propertiesofneuronswithinvisualcortex. Theyaddressissuesstemmingfromthe originalattempttounderstandhowthereceptivefieldpropertiesofneuronsincat andmonkeyprimaryvisualcortexaregeneratedbyinteractionsbetweengenicu lateafferentsandcorticalneurons. ThechapterbyFlorentinWorgotterevaluates modelsthathavebeenusedtoanalyzethegenerationofreceptivefieldproperties. RodneyDouglasandhiscolleaguesaddressaspecificsetofissuesdealingwiththe roleofintracorticalexcitationmediatedbypyramidalcellcollaterals. Animportant featureofthischapterisitsrelationtoattempttoconstructfabricatedcircuitsthat duplicatethefunctionsofcorticalcircuits. ThechapterbyPhilipUlinskifocuseson thegenerationofmotion-selectivepropertiesincorticalneurons. Itseekstoidenti tycellularmechanismsusedbyneuronsthatrespondpreferentiallytovisualstimuli movingwithparticularspeedsordirections. MatteoCarandiniandhiscolleagues discussthefeatureofcorticalneurons,knownasgaincontrol,thatallowsneurons torespondeffectivelytovisualstimulibypoolinginformationacrosspopulationsof corticalneurons. ThechapterbyHughWilsondealswiththereceptivefieldproper tiesofextrastriateareasandintroducesnewworkanalyzingface-selectiveneurons. Thefinalsetofchaptersconsidermodelsofensemblesofthalamicandcortical neurons. ThechapterbyWilliamLyttonandElizabethThomasusesthetheoryof dynamicalsystemstoanalyzethetemporalrelationshipsbetweenthalamicand corticalneurons. Animportantfeatureoftheinteractionbetweenthalamusand cortexisthepresenceofoscillationsthatdependinpartuponthevoltage-gated conductancespresentonindividualneuronsandinpartonthestructureofthe overallnetwork. PaulBushcontinuesthisemphasisonoscillationsbydiscussinga modelthatdealswiththegenerationofsynchronizedoscillationsinvisualcortex. Oscillationsofthiskindhaveattractedsubstantialattentioninrecentyearsbecause oftheirpotentialroleincognitiveprocesses. Thelastchapter,byMichaelHasselmo andChristianeLinster,reviewstheirworkonmodelingpiriformcortex,emphasiz ingtheroleofcholinergicmechanismsinmodulatingtheactivityofcorticalneu rons. Anattempthasbeenmadethroughouttomakethevolumeaccessibleto readerswithminimalmathematicalbackgrounds. Thevolumethusbeginswitha shorthistoryofmodelsofcorticalneuronsandcircuitrythatintroducestheprinci palmodelingstyles. ThechaptersbyWorgotterandUlinskicontainmoreextensive ix introductionstosomeofthemodelingmethodsthathavebeenusedtostudyvisual cortex,andthemathematicallychallengedreaderwillfindthatthechapterby PREFACE LyttonandThomascontainsareadableintroductiontotheuseofdynamical systemstheoryinneurobiology. PhilipS. Ulinski EdwardG. Jones Chicago and Davis Contents Chapter 1 ModelingCorticalCircuitry:AHistoryandProspectus PhilipS. Ulinski 1. Introduction ". 1 2. LorentedeNothroughDynamicalSystemsModels. 2 2. 1. LorentedeNo. 2 2. 2. CellAssembliesandNeuralNets. 3 2. 3. DynamicSystemsModels. 8 3. HodgkinandHuxleythroughNetworkModels. 11 3. 1. HodgkinandHuxley. 11 3. 2. WilfridRall. 11 3. 3. SoftwarePackages. 13 3. 4. RealisticModelsofCorticalNetworks. 14 4. Prospectus. 14 5. References. 15 Chapter 2 InterpretationsofDataandMechanismsforHippocampalPyramidal CellModels LyleJ Borg-Graham 1. Introduction. 19 1. 1. NeuronModelEvolution-followingElectrophysiology. 19 1. 2. NeuronModelEvaluation-followingtheParameters. 21 1. 3. WhyHippocampus? 21 1. 4. OrganizationofThisChapter. 22 xi xii 2. TheDatabaseforSingle-NeuronModels. 23 2. 1. VoltageClampversusCurrentClamp. 23 CONTENTS 2. 2. Single-ChannelversusMacroscopicCurrents. 24 2. 3. TypeofPreparation. 24 2. 4. KineticandPharmacologicalDissection. 25 2. 5. TemperatureDependence. 26 2. 6. AgeDependence. 27 2. 7. HippocampalSubfieldDependence. 27 2. 8. DifferencesinFiringPropertiesbetweenSharpversusPatch Recordings. 28 2. 9. TheMeasuredVoltage.
Produkteigenschaften
- Artikelnummer: 9780306457272
- Medium: Buch
- ISBN: 978-0-306-45727-2
- Verlag: Springer US
- Erscheinungstermin: 28.02.1999
- Sprache(n): Englisch
- Auflage: 1999
- Serie: Cerebral Cortex
- Produktform: Gebunden, HC runder Rücken kaschiert
- Gewicht: 1324 g
- Seiten: 573
- Format (B x H x T): 183 x 260 x 37 mm
- Ausgabetyp: Kein, Unbekannt